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FOCUS ISSUE: CARDIAC IMAGING: STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER

Myocardial Strain and Torsion Quantified by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tissue Tagging

Studies in Normal and Impaired Left Ventricular Function

Marco J.W. Götte, MD, PhD^_*,,_*, Tjeerd Germans, MD, Iris K. Rüssel, MSc, Jaco J.M. Zwanenburg, PhD, J. Tim Marcus, PhD, Albert C. van Rossum, MD, PhD and Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, FACC, MD, PhD^_*

^_* Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Cardiology
Physics and Medical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, and Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Manuscript received March 1, 2006; revised manuscript received July 6, 2006, accepted July 12, 2006.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Marco J. W. Götte, Department of Cardiology, Vrije Universiteit, Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. (Email: mjw.gotte{at}vumc.nl).

Accurate quantification and timing of regional myocardial function allows early identification of dysfunction, and therefore becomes increasingly important for clinical risk assessment, patient management, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. For this purpose, the application of tissue Doppler echocardiography has rapidly increased. However, echocardiography has some major inherent limitations. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging with tissue tagging provides highly reproducible data on myocardial function, not only in longitudinal and radial directions, but also in the circumferential direction. Because of the development of faster imaging protocols, improved temporal resolution, less time-consuming postprocessing procedures, and the potential of quantifying myocardial deformation in 3 dimensions at any point in the heart, this technique may serve as an alternative for tissue Doppler echocardiography and is now ready for more widespread clinical use. This review discusses the clinical use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tagging for quantitative assessment of regional myocardial function, thereby underlining the specific features and emerging role of this technique.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CMR = cardiovascular magnetic resonance   CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy   CSPAMM = complementary spatial modulation of magnetization   DCM = dilated cardiomyopathy   HARP = harmonic phase   HCM = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy   LV = left ventricle/ventricular   SPAMM = spatial modulation of magnetization

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