FOCUS ISSUE: CARDIAC IMAGING: STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER
Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Cardiac Ultrasound
James D. Thomas, MD* and
Zoran B. Popovi , MD, PhD
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
Manuscript received March 2, 2006;
revised manuscript received June 2, 2006,
accepted June 19, 2006.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. James D. Thomas, Department of Cardiology, Desk F-15, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. (Email: thomasj{at}ccf.org).
Our understanding of the physical underpinnings of the assessment of cardiac function is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Recent developments in cardiac ultrasound permit exploitation of many of these newer physical concepts with current echocardiographic machines. This review will first focus on the current approach to the assessment of cardiovascular hemodynamics by cardiac ultrasound. The next focus will be the assessment of global cardiac mechanics in systole and diastole. Finally, relationships between the cardiac structure and regional myocardial function, and the way regional function can be quantified by ultrasound, will be presented. This review also discusses the clinical impact of echocardiography and its future directions and developments.
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | DTI = Doppler tissue imaging | | EF = ejection fraction | | LV = left ventricle/ventricular | | LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract | | PW = pulsed wave | | ROA = regurgitant orifice area | | RV = regurgitant volume | | STI = speckle tracking imaging | | SV = stroke volume | | 2(3)D = 2(3)-dimensional |
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