This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: j.jacc.2005.11.064v1 47/8/1559    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Iwama, H. Articles by Saito, Y. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Iwama, H. Articles by Saito, Y.

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Cardiac Expression of Placental Growth Factor Predicts the Improvement of Chronic Phase Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

First Department of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan

Manuscript received December 17, 2004; revised manuscript received October 26, 2005, accepted November 8, 2005.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Shiro Uemura, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan 634-8522 (Email: suemura{at}naramed-u.ac.jp).

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate cardiac expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and its clinical significance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

BACKGROUND: Placental growth factor is known to stimulate wound healing by activating mononuclear cells and inducing angiogenesis. The clinical significance of PlGF in AMI is not yet known.

METHODS: Fifty-five AMI patients and 43 control subjects participated in the study. Peripheral blood sampling was performed on days 1, 3, and 7 after AMI. Blood was also sampled from the coronary artery (CAos) and the coronary sinus (CS), before and after acute coronary recanalization. Cardiac expression of PlGF was analyzed in a mouse AMI model.

RESULTS: In AMI patients, peripheral plasma PlGF levels on day 3 were significantly higher than in control subjects. Plasma PlGF levels just after recanalization were significantly higher in the CS than the CAos, which indicates cardiac production and release of PlGF. Peripheral plasma levels of PlGF on day 3 were negatively correlated with the acute phase left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), positively correlated with both acute phase peak peripheral monocyte counts and chronic phase changes in LVEF. Placental growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression was 26.6-fold greater in a mouse AMI model than in sham-operated mice, and PlGF was expressed mainly in endothelial cells within the infarct region.

CONCLUSIONS: Placental growth factor is rapidly produced in infarct myocardium, especially by endothelial cells during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Placental growth factor might be over-expressed to compensate the acute ischemic damage, and appears to then act to improve LVEF during the chronic phase.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   AMI = acute myocardial infarction   CAos = coronary artery ostium   CK = creatine kinase   CS = coronary sinus   flt-1 = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1   IR = ischemia-reperfusion   LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction   MI = myocardial infarction   PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention   PlGF = placental growth factor   VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. Accornero, J. H. van Berlo, M. J. Benard, J. N. Lorenz, P. Carmeliet, and J. D. Molkentin Placental Growth Factor Regulates Cardiac Adaptation and Hypertrophy Through a Paracrine Mechanism Circ. Res., July 22, 2011; 109(3): 272 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Ky, B. French, K. Ruparel, N. K. Sweitzer, J. C. Fang, W. C. Levy, D. B. Sawyer, and T. P. Cappola The Vascular Marker Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Is Associated With Disease Severity and Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 19, 2011; 58(4): 386 - 394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Gmeiner, D. Zimpfer, J. Holfeld, G. Seebacher, D. Abraham, M. Grimm, and S. Aharinejad Improvement of cardiac function in the failing rat heart after transfer of skeletal myoblasts engineered to overexpress placental growth factor J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2011; 141(5): 1238 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Hochholzer, T. Reichlin, C. Stelzig, K. Hochholzer, J. Meissner, T. Breidthardt, M. Reiter, B. Duehsler, H. Freidank, K. Winkler, et al. Impact of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor serum levels for risk stratification and early diagnosis in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2011; 32(3): 326 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Beohar, J. Rapp, S. Pandya, and D. W. Losordo Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: The Potential of Cytokines and Growth Factors in the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 12, 2010; 56(16): 1287 - 1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Onoue, S. Uemura, Y. Takeda, S. Somekawa, H. Iwama, K. Imagawa, T. Nishida, Y. Morikawa, Y. Takemoto, O. Asai, et al. Reduction of Circulating Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Plays a Significant Role in Renal Dysfunction-Associated Aggravation of Atherosclerosis Circulation, December 15, 2009; 120(24): 2470 - 2477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Markovic, S. Ignjatovic, N. Majkic-Singh, and M. Dajak Placental Growth Factor in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Non ST-Elevation Lab Med, November 1, 2009; 40(11): 675 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Tsujioka, T. Imanishi, H. Ikejima, A. Kuroi, S. Takarada, T. Tanimoto, H. Kitabata, K. Okochi, Y. Arita, K. Ishibashi, et al. Impact of Heterogeneity of Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte Subsets on Myocardial Salvage in Patients With Primary Acute Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 7, 2009; 54(2): 130 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Cassidy, S. E. Chiuve, J. E. Manson, K. M. Rexrode, C. J. Girman, and E. B. Rimm Potential Role for Plasma Placental Growth Factor in Predicting Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Women Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2009; 29(1): 134 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Takaoka, S. Uemura, H. Kawata, K.-i. Imagawa, Y. Takeda, K. Nakatani, N. Naya, M. Horii, S. Yamano, Y. Miyamoto, et al. Inflammatory Response to Acute Myocardial Infarction Augments Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in a Remote Artery Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2006; 26(9): 2083 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]