HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: j.jacc.2005.07.038v1 46/9/1761    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Noda, H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Noda, H.

CLINICAL RESEARCH: PHYSICAL CONDITIONING AND VASCULAR FUNCTION

Walking and Sports Participation and Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

Hiroyuki Noda, MD^_*, Hiroyasu Iso, MD^_*,,_*, Hideaki Toyoshima, MD, Chigusa Date, PhD, Akio Yamamoto^||, Shogo Kikuchi, MD^¶, Akio Koizumi, MD^#, Takaaki Kondo, MD, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, MD^**, Yasuhiko Wada, MD, Yutaka Inaba, MD, Akiko Tamakoshi, MD and the JACC Study Group

^_* Department of Public Health Medicine, Doctoral Program in Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Department of Public Health/Health Information Dynamics, Fields of Science, Program of Health and Community Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara
^|| Infectious Disease Surveillance Cancer, Infectious Disease Research Division, Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Hyogo, Japan
^¶ Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
^# Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
^** Department of Social Medicine & Cultural Sciences, Research Institute for Neurological Diseases & Geriatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Hygiene, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Preventive Medicine/Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Field of Social Science, Program in Health and Community Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Manuscript received January 6, 2005; revised manuscript received June 13, 2005, accepted July 11, 2005.

^_* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Hiroyasu Iso, Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Shuita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan (Email: fvgh5640{at}mb.infoweb.ne.jp).

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the impact of exercise on mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian populations.

BACKGROUND: Few data have been available in Asian countries, where job-related physical activity is higher than that in Western countries.

METHODS: Between 1988 and 1990, 31,023 men and 42,242 women in Japan, ages 40 to 79 years with no history of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), or cancer, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Systematic mortality surveillance was performed through 1999, and 1,946 cardiovascular deaths were identified. We chose the second lowest categories of walking and sports participation as the reference to reduce a potential effect of ill health.

RESULTS: Men and women who reported having physical activity in the highest category (i.e., walking 1 h/day or doing sports 5 h/week) had a 20% to 60% lower age-adjusted risk of mortality from CVD, compared with those in the second lowest physical activity category (i.e., walking 0.5 h/day, or sports participation for 1 to 2 h/week). Adjustment for known risk factors, exclusion of individuals who died within two years of baseline inquiry, or gender-specific analysis did not substantially alter these associations. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the highest versus the second lowest categories of walking or sports participation were 0.71 (0.54 to 0.94) and 0.80 (0.48 to 1.31), respectively, for ischemic stroke (IS); 0.84 (0.64 to 1.09) and 0.51 (0.32 to 0.82), respectively, for CHD; and 0.84 (0.75 to 0.95) and 0.73 (0.60 to 0.90), respectively, for CVD.

CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity through walking and sports participation might reduce the risk of mortality from IS and CHD.

Abbreviations and Acronyms   CHD = coronary heart disease   CI = confidence interval   CVD = cardiovascular disease   HR = hazard ratio   IPH = intraparenchymal hemorrhage   IS = ischemic stroke   SAH = subarachnid hemorrhage

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H Noda, H Iso, H Toyoshima, C Date, A Yamamoto, S Kikuchi, A Koizumi, T Kondo, Y Watanabe, Y Wada, et al. Smoking status, sports participation and mortality from coronary heart disease Heart, April 1, 2008; 94(4): 471 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Hamer and Y Chida Walking and primary prevention: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Br. J. Sports Med., April 1, 2008; 42(4): 238 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Metsios, A. Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, J. J. C. S. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, G. J. Treharne, V. F. Panoulas, K. M. J. Douglas, Y. Koutedakis, and G. D. Kitas Rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and physical exercise: a systematic review Rheumatology, March 1, 2008; 47(3): 239 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Rosamond, K. Flegal, K. Furie, A. Go, K. Greenlund, N. Haase, S. M. Hailpern, M. Ho, V. Howard, B. Kissela, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2008 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, January 29, 2008; 117(4): e25 - e146. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. L. Jurj, W. Wen, Y.-B. Xiang, C. E. Matthews, D. Liu, W. Zheng, and X.-O. Shu Reproducibility and Validity of the Shanghai Men's Health Study Physical Activity Questionnaire Am. J. Epidemiol., May 15, 2007; 165(10): 1124 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Rosamond, K. Flegal, G. Friday, K. Furie, A. Go, K. Greenlund, N. Haase, M. Ho, V. Howard, B. Kissela, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2007 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, February 6, 2007; 115(5): e69 - e171. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. P. Baden, J. Berger, R. I. Brilli, J. P. Burns, P. A. Checchia, H. J. Dalton, V. Nadkarni, M. Pollack, R. C. Wetzel, and J. J. Zimmerman Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Patients Should Be Cared for by Intensivists J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 221 - 222. [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Kasikcioglu The Other Face of the Medal: The Risks of Exercise Training J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 220 - 221. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Noda and H. Iso Reply J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 7, 2006; (2006) j.jacc.2006.04.024v1. [Full Text] [PDF]