CLINICAL RESEARCH: METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENT
Development of Age-Specific Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Criteria That Are Linked to the Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation Criteria
Courtney J. Jolliffe, MSc* and
Ian Janssen, PhD*, ,*
* School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Manuscript received March 22, 2006;
revised manuscript received August 10, 2006,
accepted August 30, 2006.
* Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Ian Janssen, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada. (Email: janssen{at}post.queensu.ca).
OBJECTIVES: The study objectives were to develop age-specific adolescent metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria that were linked to the health-based Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) adult criteria.
BACKGROUND: There has been no consistency in the criteria used to diagnose the MetS in adolescents. Studies have either applied adult criteria or arbitrarily chosen adolescent high-risk cut-points.
METHODS: The adolescent (12 to 19 years old) MetS criteria developed in this study were linked to the ATP and IDF adult criteria with LMS growth curve modeling for each MetS component (waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose). Nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used to develop the growth curves.
RESULTS: The growth curves for each MetS component passed through the ATP and IDF cut-points at 20 years of age such that adolescent cut-points were linked to the adult values. Age- and gender-specific cut-points for each MetS component were developed that can be used to define high-risk values in 12- to 19-year-olds. The prevalence of MetS in adolescents nearly doubled over the last decade and was 7.6% on the basis of the newly developed ATP adolescent criteria and 9.6% on the basis of the newly developed IDF adolescent criteria.
CONCLUSIONS: These new criteria should provide improved and age-appropriate approaches for diagnosing MetS among adolescents.
|
Abbreviations and Acronyms
| | ATP = Adult Treatment Panel | | BMI = body mass index | | CVD = cardiovascular disease | | DBP = diastolic blood pressure | | HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | | IDF = International Diabetes Federation | | MetS = metabolic syndrome | | NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | | NHLBI = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute | | SBP = systolic blood pressure | | TG = triglycerides | | WC = waist circumference |
|
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
K. Casazza and O. Thomas
Do Dietary Modifications Made Prior to Pubertal Maturation Have the Potential to Decrease Obesity Later in Life? A Developmental Perspective
ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition,
October 1, 2009;
1(5):
271 - 281.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Daratha and R. C. Bindler
Effects of Individual Components, Time, and Sex on Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
April 1, 2009;
163(4):
365 - 370.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. D. Johnson, J. J. M. Kroon, F. L. Greenway, C. Bouchard, D. Ryan, and P. T. Katzmarzyk
Prevalence of Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001-2006
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
April 1, 2009;
163(4):
371 - 377.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Ekelund, S. Anderssen, L. B. Andersen, C. J Riddoch, L. B Sardinha, J. Luan, K. Froberg, and S. Brage
Prevalence and correlates of the metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of European youth
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
January 1, 2009;
89(1):
90 - 96.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. L. Strufaldi, E. M. K. Da Silva, and R. F. Puccini
Metabolic syndrome among prepubertal Brazilian schoolchildren
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
November 1, 2008;
5(4):
291 - 297.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Pirkola, T Tammelin, A Bloigu, A Pouta, J Laitinen, A Ruokonen, P Tapanainen, M-R Jarvelin, and M Vaarasmaki
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome at age 16 using the International Diabetes Federation paediatric definition
Arch. Dis. Child.,
November 1, 2008;
93(11):
945 - 951.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Chinali, G. de Simone, M. J. Roman, L. G. Best, E. T. Lee, M. Russell, B. V. Howard, and R. B. Devereux
Cardiac Markers of Pre-Clinical Disease in Adolescents With the Metabolic Syndrome: The Strong Heart Study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
September 9, 2008;
52(11):
932 - 938.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Daniels
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Children
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
September 9, 2008;
52(11):
939 - 940.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Steele, S. Brage, K. Corder, N. J. Wareham, and U. Ekelund
Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and the metabolic syndrome in youth
J Appl Physiol,
July 1, 2008;
105(1):
342 - 351.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Mark and I. Janssen
Relationship between screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents
J. Public Health Med.,
June 1, 2008;
30(2):
153 - 160.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. DeMaria, J. J. Bax, O. Ben-Yehuda, P. Clopton, G. K. Feld, G. S. Ginsburg, B. H. Greenberg, J. D. Knoke, W. Y.W. Lew, J. A.C. Lima, et al.
Highlights of the year in JACC 2007.
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
January 29, 2008;
51(4):
490 - 512.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D De Ferranti and S. K Osganian
Epidemiology of paediatric metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
December 1, 2007;
4(4):
285 - 296.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Janssen and W. C. Cramp
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Strongly Related to the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents
Diabetes Care,
August 1, 2007;
30(8):
2143 - 2144.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lobelo and J. R. Ruiz
Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Criterion Validity for Health-Based Metabolic Syndrome Definition in Adolescents
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
July 31, 2007;
50(5):
471 - 471.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Janssen and C. J. Jolliffe
Reply
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.,
July 31, 2007;
50(5):
471 - 472.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Cook and S. S. Gidding
Modifying Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescent Obesity
Circulation,
May 1, 2007;
115(17):
2251 - 2253.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Day
Metabolic syndrome, or What you will: definitions and epidemiology
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research,
March 1, 2007;
4(1):
32 - 38.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
