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Figure 2 Circumferential distributions of muscular discontinuities and fiber orientations at the pulmonary vein (PV)-left atrium (LA) junction. (A1) The PV-LA gap (dotted line segment). (A2) Mean length of the PV-LA gap. (A3) Circumferential distribution of disconnected segments. (B1, B2) Two examples of abrupt reduction in muscle sleeve thickness at the PV-LA junction. (B3) The extent of reductions in muscle sleeve thickness at the anterosuperior versus posteroinferior junctions. (C1) Abrupt 90° changes in fiber direction at the PV-LA junction. (C2) High-power view of the boxed area in C1. (C3) Distribution of segments with this pattern. LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein.
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