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Figure 5 Vascular Wall Remodeling, Cell Identification, and PEM Visualization After 12 Weeks of Implantation

(A) H&S histological examination of PEM-treated arteries. (B) Observations with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed the presence of PAH^rho on the arterial wall surface. (C) van Gieson staining showed the presence of elastin fibers in media (purple) and collagen in adventitia (blue). (D) Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of -SMA⁺ cells on the arterial wall (magnification x20). (E) The CLSM observations showed the presence of PECAM-1⁺ cells on internal arteries surface (magnification x40, NA 0.8, scale bars = 75 µm). H&S = hematoxylin and eosin/safran; PAH = poly(allylamine hydrochloride); PECAM = platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; PEM = polyelectrolyte multilayer film; PSS = poly(styrene sulfonate); SMA = smooth muscle actin.

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