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Figure 1 NMR Spectra of Atrial Appendages
Within the aliphatic and aromatic regions (–0.05–9.5 parts per million [ppm]) of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, resonances were assigned as: (1) 3-trimethylsilyl-2,2,3,3-tetradeuteropropionate; (2) leucine; (3) isoleucine; (4) valine; (5) beta-hydroxybutyrate; (6) lactate; (7) alanine; (8) acetate; (9) glutamate; (10) succinate; (11) glutamine; (12) aspartate; (13) creatine and phosphocreatine; (14) choline; (15) phosphocholine; (16) carnitine; (17) taurine; (18) glycine; (19) creatine; (20) glucose; (21) fumarate; (22) tyrosine; (23) AMP, ADP, and ATP; (24) NAD and NADH; (25) formate; and (26) NAD and NADH. The presence of glycerophosphocholine within the carnitine peak was ruled out by NMR analysis at low pH. ADP = adenosine diphosphate; AF = atrial fibrillation; AMP = adenosine monophosphate; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; NAD = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH = reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; SR = sinus rhythm.
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