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Figure 4 Vascular Injury: Increased Plasma VEGF, Acute Sustained MP Generation, and Acute Reversible Endothelial Dysfunction
(A) Plasma VEGF levels were increased up to 24 h after SHS exposure. (B to D) The microparticles (MPs) in plasma increased significantly immediately (0 h) after SHS exposure and remained elevated throughout the observation period at 24 h, but remained unchanged after exposure to clean air in the chamber. The effect was observed in the 3 subgroups of endothelial MPs studied [CD31+/CD41– MPs (B), CD144+ MPs (C), and CD62e+
(D)]. After 30 min of SHS exposure, flow-mediated dilation (E) was significantly decreased immediately (0 h) and at 1 h after, but was increased at 24 h; FMD remained unchanged after clean air control. Solid symbols indicate SHS exposure and open symbols depict clean air controls. Symbols are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus baseline of same day (exposure condition). #p < 0.05 comparing SHS and clean air at the same time. FMD = flow-mediated dilation; other abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 3.
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