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Figure 3 Risk Ratios for Death From Any Cause
In multivariable analysis adjusted for demographics, medical history, laboratory values, and medication use, analysis of the odds ratios for death from any cause using the highest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) quartile (Q4) as the reference quartile revealed a U-shaped curve, with the highest risk of mortality observed in the lowest and highest quartiles, similar to findings observed in earlier epidemiologic studies. *Adjusted for age, diastolic blood pressure, and cigarettes/day.  Not adjusted.  Adjusted for age, mean daily alcohol consumption, body mass index, education, physical activity, cigarettes/day, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol.  Adjusted for age. ||Adjusted for age, gender, ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, alcohol dependence or abuse, statin use, fibrate use, creatinine, hemoglobin A1c, troponin, hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglycerides. PAVA = Palo Alto Veterans Administration (present study). Q1 to Q4 = HDL-C quartiles 1 to 4; Q1 to Q5 = HDL-C quintiles 1 to 5; S1 to S6 = HDL-C sextiles 1 to 6; T1 to T3 = HDL-C tertiles 1 to 3.
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