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Figure 5 Correlation of AF With Rac1 in Human LA
(A) Representative Sirius red staining (10- and 100-fold magnification) and (B) quantification of interstitial fibrosis in LA of patients with sinus rhythm (SR) or AF who underwent cardiac surgery, n = 7 to 8, *p = 0.02. (C) NADPH oxidase activity determined in unstimulated LA of patients in SR or AF and after treatment with Ang, 1 µmol/l, 10 min, and phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA), 1 µmol/l, 10 min; n = 7 to 8, *p < 0.01. (D) Representative Western blots of Rac1 GTPase expression (total protein, membrane and cystolic fraction and Rac1-PAK pull down). (E) Quantification of Rac1 total protein expression related to ß-actin, *p < 0.01; (F) membrane content of Rac1, *p < 0.01; (G) Rac1-GTPase activity determined by GST-PAK pull-down assays, *p = 0.03; n = 7 to 8. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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