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Figure 4


Figure 4 Sigmoidal Mucosal Bacterial Biofilm in CHF Patients Compared With Control Subjects

(A) Concentration of bacteria (bars represent median as well as 25th and 75th percentiles) in the mucosal biofilm of biopsies taken during sigmoidoscopy. Samples of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients (n = 20) and control subjects (n = 22) were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (B, C) Digital fluorescence pictures showing a higher concentration of bacteria in the mucosal biofilm of the sigmoid as assessed by FISH in 1 representative CHF patient (C) and a representative control subject (B).





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