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Figure 1 Hemodynamics and Echocardiograms
(A) Acute concentration-dependent effect of carvedilol (CV) on resting and isoproterenol-stimulated hemodynamic in normal conscious dogs. Isoproterenol (0.80 µg·kg-1·min–1 intravenously) was used to produce inotropic response. Data represent mean ± SD obtained from 4 dogs. (B) Representative M-mode echocardiograms. Note that left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and -systolic diameters were each smaller in the CV-treated dog than in the CV-untreated (–) dog (both 4-week paced). HR = heart rate; LVPSP = left ventricular peak-systolic pressure; +dP/dt = peak (+) dP/dt of LV pressure. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 versus CV (–).
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