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Figure 2 The Biological Response of VEGF-A in Adults Is Dependent on its Local Tissue Concentration
Lack of sufficient vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A results in endothelial dysfunction via diminished nitric oxide and prostacyclin production. Physiological levels maintain vascular homeostasis and protection while higher levels induce physiological vascular growth with sprouting angiogenesis and moderate capillary enlargement. Very high VEGF-A levels promote aberrant vascular growth, i.e., the formation of blood lacunae and glomeruloid bodies as well as significant tissue edema.
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