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Figure 1 Case patient. From top to bottom are shown heart rate (HR) curve and blood pressure (BP) curves (systolic and diastolic). The arrows indicate the passage from supine to standing and vice versa. (Left panel) Inactive sham treatment. There is an absence of adaptation of blood pressure to the upright position. Blood pressure declines slightly and progressively throughout the test. Systolic blood pressure declines below 80 mm Hg for 6 min, and the patient has severe presyncopal symptoms. Heart rate continuously increases until the end of the test. There is no clear vasovagal reaction. (Right panel) Active treatment. There is a slight decrease in blood pressure and a heart rate increase immediately after standing, then these parameters stabilize all along the treatment period.
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