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Figure 1 Flow chart of the study. Cardiac risk factors included: age over 70 years, angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction on the basis of history or a finding of pathologic Q waves on electrocardiography, compensated congestive heart failure or a history of congestive heart failure, current treatment for diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction (serum creatinine >160 µmol/l), and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack. Patients with 1 or 2 cardiac risk factors were randomly (1:1) assigned to cardiac testing or no testing. Test results were classified as no ischemia, limited ischemia, and extensive ischemia. Patients with extensive ischemia were considered for coronary revascularization.
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