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Figure 5 Differential inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on proliferation of smooth muscle versus endothelial lineage cells. (A) Anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel on rabbit endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and smooth muscle progenitor cells (SPCs) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. At the presumable tissue concentration (100 nmol/l to 1 µmol/l) of paclitaxel at vessel with TAXUS stenting, EPC still maintained its proliferative potential, whereas SPCs did not. *EPC versus vascular progenitor cell, p < 0.001;  p = 0.002. (B) Human EPCs, mature endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were also evaluated. Paclitaxel caused a dose-dependent inhibition of SMC growth even from a low therapeutic concentration (100 nmol/l). In contrast, EC growth was inhibited only at 1 µmol/l of paclitaxel, a high therapeutic concentration. But proliferative activity of EPCs was not inhibited in the range of therapeutic concentration eluted from TAXUS stent. *EC versus SMC, p = 0.001; EPC versus EC, p = 0.036; #EC versus SMC, p = 0.002 by analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s correction.
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