Please click here to obtain permission to reproduce this image.
Click on image to view larger version.
Figure 2 Multi-site bipolar recordings and frequency analysis results in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), originating from the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV). A single dominant frequency (DF) peak could be found within multiple peaks with a lower power and harmonics for each spectrum, indicating the DF. A highest DF of 10.5 Hz was found within the RSPV ostium with a regular rapid activation recorded in the local electrograms. The DF inside the RSPV, other pulmonary veins (PVs), and left atrium (LA) had a lower DF of 6.3 to 7.3 Hz (B to D). The frequency of the more distal sites, such as the superior vena cava (SVC), right atrium (RA), and coronary sinus (CS), had an even lower DF of 5 to 5.6 Hz. There was a frequency gradient from the ostium of the arrhythmogenic vein to the nearby atrium and then to the other atrium. LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein.
|
