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Figure 7 This 82-year-old woman underwent echocardiography for evaluation of a systolic murmur. The valve was heavily calcified as seen the short-axis view (top) with reduced systolic opening in the long-axis view (bottom), with Doppler data consistent with severe stenosis. At cardiac catheterization several days later, a lower pressure gradient and lower stroke volume were recorded. The apparent discrepancy in the catheterization data most likely is related to pressure recovery and severe hypertension (blood pressure [BP] 194 systolic during catheterization). AoV = aortic valve; AVA = aortic valve area; Grad = gradient; Mn = mean; Pk = peak; SV = stroke volume; Vmax = maximum velocity; VTI = velocity time integral.
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