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Figure 1 Standard evaluation of aortic stenosis (AS) severity is based on measurement of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter (D) in a parasternal long-axis view for calculation of a circular cross-sectional area (CSA), outflow tract velocity (V) from an apical approach using pulsed Doppler, and the maximum aortic jet (AS-Jet, Vmax) from the continuous-wave Doppler recording. Either velocity-time integrals (VTIs) or maximum velocities can be used in the continuity equation for aortic valve area (AVA).
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