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Figure 5 Localized re-entry occurring at a site not in proximity to previous ablation. (A) Demonstrates tachycardia arising from the anterior-superior left atrial (LA) wall. Electrograms from only spine-C and -D have been presented to demonstrate the cascade of activation (spine-C is organized from distal-to-proximal and spine-D from proximal-to-distal). Note each spine in this case was configured to provide three bipoles. Also shown is a schematic representation of the activation cascade. Entrainment confirmed a re-entrant mechanism, and ablation terminated tachycardia. (B and C) Demonstrate activation and entrainment of tachycardia in a different patient. Tachycardia was localized on the anterior-septal LA wall. Entrainment demonstrates a post-pacing interval 12 ms longer than the tachycardia cycle length (CL). In this patient, entrainment could be performed from three sites in the mapping field and were as above. However, entrainment performed in the surrounding atria demonstrated post-pacing intervals  40 ms longer than tachycardia CL. CS = coronary sinus.
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