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Figure 2 Two leading conceptual models of work stress. In the job strain model (left), the amount of job demand and decision latitude determines the degree of job strain. High demand but low decision latitude characterizes job strain. In the effort-reward imbalance model (right), increased job effort may result from either extrinsic demands or personal overcommitment, and "reward" may occur in the form of money, recognition, prestige, security, or career opportunities. High effort with low reward characterizes job imbalance.
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