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Figure 1 A superfused left superior pulmonary vein (PV) preparation viewed from the endocardial surface (A) and action potentials recorded using the microelectrode technique (B, endocardial; C, epicardial), and optical mapping (D, endocardial). (A) LA, PS, and DS indicate left atrium, proximal PV with visible myocardial sleeves, and distal PV without visible myocardial sleeves, respectively. Black squares delineate the PV-LA junction. (B to D) All recordings were performed at a pacing cycle length of 1 s. Notice progressive changes of action potential duration and action potential amplitude as the recording electrodes move from LA to DS. Insets illustrate the bipolar electrograms (at different gains) recorded in corresponding regions.
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