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Figure 5 Restoration of ß-adrenergic receptor function improves survival in mice with heart failure. (a) Kaplan-Meier survival curves of wild type (WT) (n = 18), calsequestrin (CSQ) (n = 19), and CSQ/catalytically inactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K_inact) (n = 20) mice; CSQ mice had a mean survival age of days 151.9 ± 18.6, whereas CSQ/PI3K_inact mice reached a mean survival age of 234.2 ± 14.3 days. *p < 0.001 for WT vs. CSQ or CSQ/PI3K_inact; p < 0.001 CSQ/PI3K_inact vs. CSQ, Kaplan-Meier analysis. (b) Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to gender in CSQ (females, n = 11; males, n = 8) and CSQ/PI3K_inact mice (females, n = 11; males, n = 9). In the analysis censored at 150 days, *p < 0.05 for PI3K_inact, p = 0.3 for gender; in the analysis censored at 300 days, p < 0.01 for PI3K_inact and female gender (Cox proportional hazard analysis).

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