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Figure 2 (a) In a calcified aortic valve, abundant inflammatory infiltrates are observed with small thin-walled neovessels, prevalently composed of T-lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages (hematoxylin-eosin [HE]). (b) In a calcified aortic valve, thick-walled neovessels are observed in a fibrotic area devoid of inflammatory infiltrates (HE). (c, d) Immunohistochemical positivity for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (stained dark brown) is observed in the endothelial cells of thin-walled neovessels 3,3'-diaminobenzidine.
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