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Figure 3 Catecholamine-mediated atrial fibrillation (A) and its prevention by atropine (B). The sinus node artery perfusion at 9 ml/min with 10 µmol/l (µm) adrenaline repeatedly induced atrial fibrillation in  25 s after the start of perfusion. With atropine, no tachyarrhythmic events were induced by adrenaline perfusion, despite the enhanced effect on heart rate. E1 and E2 = atrial bipolar electrograms; P2 = blood pressure recording; II = standard electrocardiographic lead II.
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