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Figure 4 Complex activation in the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) during atrial fibrillation. (A) Electrograms from the RSPV (a–e locations are indicated in the lower panels), left atrium (LA), and right atrium (RA) are shown. The patterns of activation during the time period bracketed by the two vertical red lines are shown in panel B. The activation rate in the LA was faster than that in the RA. Conduction delay or block (double line segments) in the PV was frequently observed in electrodes c, d, and e. In the left side of the mapped area, activation from proximal to distal PV and activations from distal to proximal PV are seen. Numbers at the bottom show the times of data acquisition in ms, with the beginning of data acquisition as time zero. The wavefront is labeled red.
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