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Figure 3 Thirty-day mortality was dramatically reduced by the administration of beta-blockers during the hospitalization. The p value for each mortality comparison between patients taking beta-blockers and those not receiving beta-blockers was <0.001. The relative reduction in mortality was significantly greater for patients without end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than for those with ESRD (56% vs. 40%, p = 0.02). After restricting the cohort to patients ideal for beta-blockers, the relative reduction in mortality provided by beta-blocker therapy was still significantly greater in the non-ESRD group (53% vs. 34%, p = 0.03).
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