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Figure 5 Influence of paroxysmal and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Quantitative analysis of AT₁ (A) and AT₂ (B) expression and ratio of AT₁/AT₂ (C) in left atrial tissue of patients in sinus rhythm (SR), lone AF, and patients with AF and underlying MVD. Lone AF and mitral valve disease (MVD) + AF were divided into paroxysmal AF (PAF) and chronic AF (CAF). AT II = angiotensin II; GAPDH = glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

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