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Figure 3 Analog recordings of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) pressures (P), the rate of change of LV volume (dV/dt), and the long-axis dimensions of the LV (dDLA/dt) during the progressive development of pacing-induced heart failure (HF) in a conscious animal. The peak diastolic filling rate (E) declined with mild HF (four days) but progressively increased with more severe HF. In contrast, the peak expansion rate of DLA (EM) progressively declined with increasing HF. Under all circumstances, E coincided with the crossover of LA and LV pressures (dotted line). In contrast, the peak long-axis lengthening (EM) was progressively delayed, relative to E and LA/LV pressure crossover, with increasingly severe HF. Thus, starting after four days of pacing, EM occurred when LV pressure  LA pressure.
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