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Figure 1 Plots of the peak left ventricar (LV) filling rate (E) and peak rate of longitudinal expansion (EM) to the peak early diastolic left atrial (LA) to LV pressure gradient during transient caval occlusions before and after heart failure (HF) was produced by four weeks of rapid pacing. Under normal conditions, both E and EM are strongly related to the pressure gradient, indicated by the slopes of the linear regression lines. The dependence of E on the pressure gradient is not altered by HF. In contrast, the dependence of EM on the pressure gradient is markedly reduced after HF.
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