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Figure 1 Schematic of insulin signaling pathways that promote cell survival and facilitate increased glucose uptake. These signaling pathways have recently been reviewed in depth. Akt = protein kinase B; BAD = Bcl-2/Bcl-XL-agonist causing cell death; eNOS = endothelial nitric oxide synthase; PI3K = phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; S6K = p70S6 kinase (70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase). The superscripted p denotes the phosphorylation status of BAD and eNOS, respectively.
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