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Figure 3 Pulmonary venous flow (PVF) velocity profiles recorded by transesophageal echocardiography with respiratory monitoring. (A) Patient with cardiac amyloidosis shows pseudonormal pattern characterized by slight blunting of pulmonary venous systolic wave (S) throughout the respiratory cycle with a large atrial reversal. (B) Patient with constrictive pericarditis and sinus rhythm shows a marked respiratory variation. Both the pulmonary venous systolic and early diastolic (D) flow velocities decreased from expiration to inspiration. (C) Patient with constrictive pericarditis and atrial fibrillation also shows similar respiratory variation in the PVF. Both the S and D velocities increased at the onset of expiration, even with a short RR interval, and decreased at the onset of inspiration with a long RR interval. Exp = expiration; Insp = inspiration.
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