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Figure 1 Pullback mapping in a right upper pulmonary vein using the circular mapping catheter shown in panel A. One cm inside the vein (B), pulmonary vein potentials (PVPs) appeared barely present. Five mm from the ostium PVPs are recorded at T1, T2, T5, and T6 (C). Ultimately at the ostium, local pulmonary vein (PV) electrograms are seen at every bipole except T4 (D). After ostial isolation, requiring 19 lesions, no local ostial PV activity is observed (E). V1 and aVF represent surface electrocardiographic recordings. ESO = esophageal recording; hRA ds = high right atrium (hRA ds applies to Fig. 3C); CS = coronary sinus recording; T1–T6 = distal to proximal bipolar recordings from the circular catheter (CC). Continued on next page.
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