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Figure 4 Comparison of left ventricular expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, hIAP-1, hIAP-2 and XIAP, from patients with end-stage heart failure and donors. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of hIAP-1, hIAP-2 and XIAP was downregulated in the left ventricles of patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy (a). Immunoblot analysis showed a decrease of hIAP-1 and XIAP in patients with terminal heart failure, as compared with donor organs (b). (*)p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.
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