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Figure 2 Two examples of initiation patterns of AF originating from PVs. (A) The onset of AF episode was preceded by cycle length oscillation, namely long-short cycle sequence due to ectopic beats with post-extrabeat pauses. The arrow points to the earliest activity at LSPV-2. The ectopic beats before the onset of AF originated from the same AF-initiating focus. (B) The onset of AF was not preceded by cycle length oscillation. This AF episode originated from the proximal RSPV (arrow). AF = atrial fibrillation; CS = coronary sinus; HRA = high right atrium; LSPV-O, 2, 3 = ostium, second and third pair of electrodes inside the left superior pulmonary vein, respectively; RSPV-O, D = from the ostium to the distal part of right superior pulmonary vein.
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