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Pt. (No.) Diagnosis Age/ Gender EF (%) RAP (mm Hg) PCWP (mm Hg) LAD (mm) AF Duration Presurgical Medication MVD + AF 1 MVD 69/F 72 9 18 90 >3 yr Digoxin, enalapril, NTG, furosemide 2 MVD 47/M 54 6 23 56 >5 yr Digoxin, furosemide 3 MVD 63/F 72 9 12 52 >5 yr Enalapril, ISDN, furosemide, spironolactone 4 MVD 55/F 66 4 10 66 >5 yr Digoxin 5 MVD 68/M 56 1 12 88 >5 yr Benazepril, furosemide 6 MVD 73/F 62 9 14 62 >5 yr Digoxin, furosemide, spironolactone 7 MVD 72/F 64 8 26 83 >5 yr Digoxin, furosemide 8 MVD 52/M 46 2 8 62 3 yr Digoxin, enalapril, furosemide 9 MVD 47/F 58 5 15 64 2 yr Digoxin, enalapril, furosemide 10 MVD 63/F 55 9 12 52 >5 yr Digoxin, enalapril, furosemide, spironolactone 11 MVD 57/F 56 2 15 50 >5 yr Digoxin, enalapril, spironolactone 12 MVD 51/M 67 5 12 48 >4 yr Digoxin, enalapril, furosemide, spironolactone 13 MVD 60/F 64 6 18 54 >2 yr Digoxin, ISDN, furosemide, spironolactone Mean ± SD 61 ± 8 6 ± 3 15 ± 5 64 ± 15 MVD + NSR 1 MVD 56/F 72 5 16 46 Digoxin, enalapril, furosemide 2 MVD 64/F 67 1 24 48 Digoxin, NTG, furosemide 3 MVD 70/F 64 1 8 47 Furosemide 4 MVD 76/F 78 10 8 52 Digoxin, spironolactone 5 MVD 64/F 76 2 9 51 Alacepril, furosemide, spironolactone Mean ± SD 71 ± 6 4 ± 4 13 ± 7* 49 ± 3* Control 1 IHD 66/M 60 2 7 35 Bisoprolol, ISMN, nicorandil 2 IHD 77/F 60 4 8 36 ISDN, nicorandil, nifedipine 3 IHD 72/M 70 1 2 38 Nipradilol, ISDN, diltiazem 4 IHD 57/M 72 4 7 28 Bisoprolol, ISDN, nicorandil, diltiazem 5 IHD 61/M 50 7 8 39 ISDN, diltiazem, enalapril 6 IHD 57/M 65 5 8 33 Metoprolol, ISDN, amlodipine 7 IHD 66/M 67 3 5 37 Betaxolol, ISDN, nicorandil 8 IHD 70/M 74 3 5 35 Bisoprolol, nicorandil, diltiazem, enalapril Mean ± SD 64 ± 9 4 ± 2 6 ± 2 35 ± 4

^* p < 0.05 compared with control;

p < 0.01 compared with control;

p < 0.05 compared with MVD + NSR.

AF = atrial fibrillation; EF = left ventricular ejection fraction; IHD = ischemic heart disease; ISDN = isosorbide dinitrate; ISMN = isosorbide mononitrate; LAD = left atrial diameter; MVD = mitral valvular disease; NSR = normal sinus rhythm; NTG = nitroglycerin; PCWP = pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP = right atrial pressure.

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