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Figure 3 Expression level of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the right atrial tissue of patients with either atrial fibrillation (AF) or normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and representative data showing the levels of the mRNA. In patients with mitral valvular disease (MVD) who have AF, the expression level of the mRNA was significantly higher than it was in the control group. The expression level in patients with MVD who had AF tended to be higher, though not significantly, than it was in patients with MVD who have NSR. Data are mean ± SD. GAPDH = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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