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Figure 1 Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the mitral apparatus: (A) Reconstruction of intersecting images. (B) Points traced to identify papillary muscle (PM) tip (yellow square), mitral annulus (blue with arrows), aortic annulus (pink). (C,D)Display of traced 3D points, with mitral and aortic annuli as blue and pink, PM tips as yellow (lateral) and green (medial) and medial junction of the annuli (medial trigone) as red. (E) Spatial relations in reconstructed mitral apparatus. The mitral annular least-squares plane is shown in light gray, with mitral and aortic annular centroids in white and blue. (F)View of the same diagram looking directly onto the mitral annulus from the apex, with PM tips as yellow and green balls, aortic annulus in brown and medial trigone in red. Arrows indicate tethering distances between PM tips and medial trigone on the anterior mitral annulus. Ao = aorta; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle.
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