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Figure 5 The hypothetical role of TACE in myocarditis. First, viral infection or autoimmune dysfunction, or both, occurred in myocardial tissues. These immune responses in infiltrating inflammatory cells (infiltrating macrophages and lymphocytes) and cardiac myocytes mediated expression of TACE and pro-TNF-alpha. Activated TACE cleaved from pro-TNF-alpha to its mature form. The mature form of TNF-alpha induced myocytic injury and left ventricular dysfunction through the paracrine or autocrine process, or both.
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