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Figure 1 Relative changes of central venous pressure (CVP), systolic blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA, bursts per minute and volts per minute) and heart rate during lower body negative pressure. Central venous pressure similarly decreased in both drugs (*p < 0.05 vs. baseline, intergroup differences NS). Also, there was no difference in systolic blood pressure, which remained constant during lower body negative pressure in both drugs. During infusion of L-NMMA (1 mg/kg/min), heart rate failed to increase in response to decreased central venous pressure. This was in contrast to phenylephrine (100 µg/min), where heart rate increased ( p < 0.05 vs. phenylephrine; *p < 0.01 by repeated-measures analysis of variance). Open circles = control; black circles = L-NMMA; black boxes = phenylephrine.
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