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Figure 3 Activation mapping of ventricular tachycardia obtained during a transthoracic epicardial ablation procedure. The epicardial electrogram found in EPI precedes the onset of the QRS complex by 100 ms (upper panel) and it was used to guide ablation. Due to a high stimulation threshold, ventricular capture was not obtained during bipolar pacing from the epicardial catheter. At these sites, an epicardial application of RF interrupted VT within 6 s (lower panel) and rendered it noninducible. Electrocardiographic I, II, III, V1, and V6 leads are shown. VTCL = ventricular tachycardia cycle length; RV = right endocardial apical catheter; Epi = the epicardial mapping and ablation catheter; CS = coronary sinus catheter; p = proximal par of electrodes; V = ventricular electrogram; A = atrial electrogram; HR = heart rate; bpm = beats per minute.
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