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Figure 2 Representative traces showing pulmonary venous pressure and flow velocities by ultrasound transit time and by intravascular electromagnetic velocity sensor. Qualitatively similar velocity traces were obtained by either method. The figure shows the four pulmonary venous flow pulses, the A-wave during atrial contraction, the S1 and S2 waves during ventricular systole, and the D-wave early diastole. A = flow purse during atrial systole; D (diastole) = early diastolic flow pulse; S1 = early systolic flow pulse; S2 = late systolic flow pulse.
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