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Figure 2 Summary hemodynamic data for vascular and ventricular loading between saline and verapamil studies. Open circles denote saline and solid circles verapamil effects. Pre-D and Post-D indicate before and after infusion under supine rest condition. Pre-EX = pre-exercise in upright position; EX1 = stage-1 exercise (25W); EXmax = matched maximal exercise level (100W). There was a consistent increase in end-diastolic volume (EDV) during exercise. The increase in end-systolic volume (ESV), however, diminished during exercise to match saline controls. Arterial load (effective arterial elastance Ea and total peripheral resistance TPR) was lower with verapamil while stroke volume was greater. * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01 between studies. Error bars are SEM.
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