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Figure 9 Epicardial electrical activity maps: before and after linear lesion creation. (A) An isochronal map of the left atrium (LA) during right atrial appendage (RAA) pacing at 400-ms cycle length. The mapping plaque was placed from the left atrial appendage (LAA) to the mitral valve ring around the atria with the pulmonary veins on the top of the plaque and mitral ring on the bottom extending to the atrial septum. The atrial activation progressed around the LA from two directions, anteriorly and posteriorly. The total LA activation lasted 28 ms. (B) A map obtained after creating a LA lesion bisecting the LAA circumferentially and vertically. The LA was activated from the atrial septum and reached the LAA in 109 ms. (C) An isochronal map of the right atrium (RA), paced from the RAA at 400-ms cycle length. The mapping plaque extended from the RAA (top) and superior vena cava (SVC) (bottom) to the tricuspid ring (top right) and inferior vena cava (IVC) (right bottom). The atrium was progressively depolarized starting at the RAA and ending at the tricuspid ring with total activation time of 40 ms. (D) An isochronal map following the RA linear lesion, which bisects across the RAA. The atrial activation started at the RAA and progressed to the lateral wall. The white area represents the territory of recording electrodes on the plaque where no electrical activity could be detected. The lateral wall tissues closer to the tricuspid valve were activated after 158 ms.
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