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J Am Coll Cardiol, 1998; 32:1486-1582
© 1998 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease

A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on management of patients with valvular heart disease)1,2

Robert O. Bonow, MD, FACC, Chair, Committee Member, Blase Carabello, MD, FACC, Committee Member, Antonio C. de Leon, Jr., MD, FACC, Committee Member, L. Henry Edmunds, Jr., MD, FACC, Committee Member, Bradley J. Fedderly, MD, FAAFP, Committee Member, Michael D. Freed, MD, FACC, Committee Member, William H. Gaasch, MD, FACC, Committee Member, Charles R. McKay, MD, FACC, Committee Member, Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC, Committee Member, Patrick T. O’Gara, MD, FACC, Committee Member, Robert A. O’Rourke, MD, FACC, Committee Member, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, MD, FACC, Committee Member, James L. Ritchie, MD, FACC, Chair, Task Force Member, Melvin D. Cheitlin, MD, FACC, Task Force Member, Kim A. Eagle, MD, FACC, Task Force Member, Timothy J. Gardner, MD, FACC, Task Force Member, Arthur Garson, Jr., MD, MPH, FACC, Task Force Member, Raymond J. Gibbons, MD, FACC, Task Force Member, Robert A. O’Rourke, MD, FACC, Task Force Member, Richard O. Russell, MD, FACC, Task Force Member, Thomas J. Ryan, MD, FACC, Task Force Member and Sidney C. Smith, Jr., MD, FACC, Task Force Member

Abbreviations and Acronyms
  AR = aortic regurgitation
  AS = aortic stenosis
  AVR = aortic valve replacement
  CAD = coronary artery disease
  ECG = electrocardiogram
  LV = left ventricular
  MR = mitral regurgitation
  MS = mitral stenosis
  MVP = mitral valve prolapse
  MVR = mitral valve replacement
  NYHA = New York Heart Association
  TR = tricuspid regurgitation



    Footnotes
 
1 When citing this document, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association recommend that the following format be used: Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC Jr, Edmunds LH Jr, Fedderly BJ, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, McKay CR, Nishimura RA, O’Gara PT, O’Rourke RA, Rahimtoola SH. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1486–588. Back

2 Address for reprints: A single reprint of this document (the complete Guidelines) is available by calling 800-253-4636 (US only) or writing the American College of Cardiology, Educational Services, 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-1699. Ask for reprint No. 71-0153. To obtain a reprint of the shorter version (Executive Summary and Summary of Recommendations) published in the November 3 issue of Circulation, ask for reprint No. 71-0154. To purchase additional reprints, specify version and reprint number: up to 999 copies, call 800-611-6083 (US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 214-706-1466, fax 214-691-6342, or E-mail pubauth@heart.org Back




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Risk-corrected impact of mechanical versus bioprosthetic valves on long-term mortality after aortic valve replacement
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HeartHome page
B Bridgewater, T Hooper, C Munsch, S Hunter, U von Oppell, S Livesey, B Keogh, F Wells, M Patrick, J Kneeshaw, et al.
Mitral repair best practice: proposed standards
Heart, July 1, 2006; 92(7): 939 - 944.
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CirculationHome page
L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al.
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Circulation, June 20, 2006; 113(24): e873 - e923.
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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. M. Otto
Valvular Aortic Stenosis: Disease Severity and Timing of Intervention
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 6, 2006; 47(11): 2141 - 2151.
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Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.Home page
S. Sawaki, A. Usui, T. Abe, M. Yoshikawa, T. Akita, and Y. Ueda
Late Mortality and Morbidity in Elderly Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, June 1, 2006; 14(3): 189 - 194.
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StrokeHome page
L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al.
Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
U. Hoffmann and M. Shapiro
Coronary Multidetector Computed Tomography: A New Standard for Preoperative Risk Assessment?
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 16, 2006; 47(10): 2025 - 2026.
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CirculationHome page
R. A. Lange and L. D. Hillis
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis
Circulation, April 11, 2006; 113(14): 1718 - 1720.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
P. Anguita-Alonso, M. S. Rouse, K. E. Piper, J. M. Steckelberg, and R. Patel
Garenoxacin treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., April 1, 2006; 50(4): 1263 - 1267.
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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
E. Lansac, I. Di Centa, N. Bonnet, P. Leprince, A. Rama, C. Acar, A. Pavie, and I. Gandjbakhch
Aortic prosthetic ring annuloplasty: a useful adjunct to a standardized aortic valve-sparing procedure?
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 2006; 29(4): 537 - 544.
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Eur Heart JHome page
V. Liebe, M. Brueckmann, M. Borggrefe, and J. J. Kaden
Statin therapy of calcific aortic stenosis: hype or hope?
Eur. Heart J., April 1, 2006; 27(7): 773 - 778.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Chambers
Low "gradient", low flow aortic stenosis.
Heart, April 1, 2006; 92(4): 554 - 558.
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CirculationHome page
R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al.
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Circulation, March 14, 2006; 113(10): e409 - e449.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
P. Tornos, A. Sambola, G. Permanyer-Miralda, A. Evangelista, Z. Gomez, and J. Soler-Soler
Long-Term Outcome of Surgically Treated Aortic Regurgitation: Influence of Guideline Adherence Toward Early Surgery
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 1012 - 1017.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
F. Botzenhardt, W. B. Eichinger, S. Bleiziffer, R. Guenzinger, I. M. Wagner, R. Bauernschmitt, and R. Lange
Reply
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 1088 - 1088.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
Are allografts the biologic valve of choice for aortic valve replacement in nonelderly patients? Comparison of explantation for structural valve deterioration of allograft and pericardial prostheses.
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2006; 131(3): 558 - 564.e4.



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CirculationHome page
P. A. Grayburn
Assessment of Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis With Dobutamine
Circulation, February 7, 2006; 113(5): 604 - 606.
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CirculationHome page
C. Blais, I. G. Burwash, G. Mundigler, J. G. Dumesnil, N. Loho, F. Rader, H. Baumgartner, R. S. Beanlands, B. Chayer, L. Kadem, et al.
Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate Improves the Assessment of Stenosis Severity in Patients With Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study
Circulation, February 7, 2006; 113(5): 711 - 721.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
L. D. Jacobs, I. S. Salgo, S. Goonewardena, L. Weinert, P. Coon, D. Bardo, O. Gerard, P. Allain, J. L. Zamorano, L. P. de Isla, et al.
Rapid online quantification of left ventricular volume from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic data
Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2006; 27(4): 460 - 468.
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Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann.Home page
N. Tsunooka, Y. Hamada, S. Takano, Y. Watanabe, H. Imagawa, and K. Kawachi
Perioperative Circulating Blood Volume and Cardiac Function in Valve Disease
Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, February 1, 2006; 14(1): 20 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.Home page
A. Chukwuemeka, V. Rao, S. Armstrong, J. Ivanov, and T. David
Aortic valve replacement: a safe and durable option in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function
Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., February 1, 2006; 29(2): 133 - 138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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StrokeHome page
R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al.
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 577 - 617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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QJMHome page
A.J. Todd, S.J. Leslie, M. MacDougall, and M.A. Denvir
Clinical features remain important for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in the modern era
QJM, January 1, 2006; 99(1): 23 - 31.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
T. Feldman, H. S. Wasserman, H. C. Herrmann, W. Gray, P. C. Block, P. Whitlow, F. St. Goar, L. Rodriguez, F. Silvestry, A. Schwartz, et al.
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Using the Edge-to-Edge Technique: Six-Month Results of the EVEREST Phase I Clinical Trial
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 6, 2005; 46(11): 2134 - 2140.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
B. Iung, A. Cachier, G. Baron, D. Messika-Zeitoun, F. Delahaye, P. Tornos, C. Gohlke-Barwolf, E. Boersma, P. Ravaud, and A. Vahanian
Decision-making in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis: why are so many denied surgery?
Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2005; 26(24): 2714 - 2720.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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