Outcome of Pregnancy in Women With Congenital Heart DiseaseA Literature Review
Willem Drenthen, MD*,*,
Petronella G. Pieper, MD, PhD*,
Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, MD, PhD ,
Willem A. van Lottum, MD*,
Adriaan A. Voors, MD, PhD*,
Barbara J.M. Mulder, MD, PhD ,
Arie P.J. van Dijk, MD, PhD||,
Hubert W. Vliegen, MD, PhD¶,
Sing C. Yap, MD,
Philip Moons, PhD, RN#,
Tjark Ebels, MD, PhD ,
Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, MD, PhD, FACC* on behalf of the ZAHARA Investigators
* Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
|| Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
¶ Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
# Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Figure 1 Pregnancy Outcome in Women With Congenital Heart Disease
Distribution of miscarriages, completed pregnancies, and elective abortions for each congenital heart disease are shown separately and as overall rates. On the right side, the expected rates in healthy women are depicted. AOS = aortic stenosis; ASD = atrial septal defect; AVSD = atrioventricular septal defects; CC-TGA = congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries; CoA = aortic coarctation; Ebstein = Ebstein's anomaly; Eisenmenger = Eisenmenger syndrome; Fontan = patients after Fontan repair; PAVSD = pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects; PS = pulmonary valve stenosis; TGA = complete transposition of the great arteries; TOF = tetralogy of Fallot; VSD = ventricular septal defect.
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Figure 2 Distribution of Complications During Pregnancy in Women With CHD
Overview of the most important complications encountered during pregnancy in women with structural congenital heart disease (CHD) for each CHD separately and the overall rates. On the right side, the expected rates in healthy women are depicted. SGA = small for gestational age; TEC = thromboembolic complications; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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