Management and Outcome of Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Infections
Muhammad R. Sohail, MD*,*,
Daniel Z. Uslan, MD*,
Akbar H. Khan, MD ,
Paul A. Friedman, MD ,
David L. Hayes, MD,
Walter R. Wilson, MD*,
James M. Steckelberg, MD*,
Sarah Stoner, MS and
Larry M. Baddour, MD*
* Division of Infectious Diseases
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases
Department of Medicine
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Sohail is currently at Tawam Hospital/Johns Hopkins Medicine, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Dr. Khan is currently at Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Dr. Uslan is currently at David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California.
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Figure 2 Timing of Reimplantation of New Cardiac Device and Duration of Postexplantation Antibiotic Treatment
Blue bars = time from explant to reimplant; red bars = post-explant antibiotic duration. CoNS = coagulase-negative staphylococci; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 3 Mayo Clinic Algorithm of Cardiac Device Infection Management
(A) Approach to management of adults with PPM/ICD infection (also see Table 4). This algorithm applies only to the patients with complete device explantation. *Duration of antibiotics should be counted from the day of device explantation. (B) Guidelines for reimplantation of new device in patients with PPM/ICD infection (see also Table 4). AHA = American Heart Association; TEE = transesophageal echocardiography; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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