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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 49:1625-1631, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.046 (Published online 30 March 2007).
© 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Influence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure

Hanqiao Wang, MD*, John D. Parker, MD, FACC{dagger},{ddagger}, Gary E. Newton, MD, FACC{dagger}, John S. Floras, MD, DPhil, FACC{dagger},{ddagger}, Susanna Mak, MD, PhD{dagger}, Kuo-Liang Chiu, MD, MSc*, Pimon Ruttanaumpawan, MD*, George Tomlinson, PhD{ddagger} and T. Douglas Bradley, MD*,{ddagger},§,*

* Sleep Research Laboratory of the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
{dagger} Department of Medicine of the Mount Sinai Hospital
{ddagger} Department of Medicine of the Toronto General Hospital/University Health Network
§ Centre for Sleep Medicine and Circadian Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1 Progress of the Cohort Through the Study

AHI = apnea-hypopnea index; CSA = central sleep apnea; HF = heart failure; M-NSA = mild to no sleep apnea; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PSG = polysomnography.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2 Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Survival Plots for Patients With M-NSA Versus Untreated OSA

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards plots showing worse survival of heart failure patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than in those with mild to no sleep apnea (M-NSA) (hazard ratio = 2.81, p = 0.029) after adjusting for significant confounders (left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class, and age per Table 3). The adjusted survival curves are shown at the average values of these confounders.

 




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