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Potential Hazards and Technical Considerations Associated With Myocardial Cell Transplantation Protocols for Ischemic Myocardial Syndrome

Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Factors influencing cell therapy. EPCs = endothelial progenitor cells; FGF = fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HIF = hypoxia inducible factor; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.

View larger version (106K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 (A) Endomyocardium showing spread of injected methylene blue dye. (B) Gross pathology of cross-sectioned hearts injected with methylene-blue dye tracer. (C) Endocardial ecchymosis resulting from intramyocardial injection of methylene blue. (D and E) Epicardial staining with methylene blue.